医学期刊编辑对生物医学研究伦理问题的处理方式调研及建议

【目的】 探讨医学期刊编辑处理生物医学研究伦理问题的方式,为推动确立医学期刊伦理审查规范提供参考。【方法】 通过问卷星向国内医学期刊编辑发放调查问卷,对审稿时和论文出版后处理医学伦理相关问题的方式展开调研。【结果】 共回收问卷230份。调查显示:在审稿阶段,在保护患者隐私方面,英文期刊、中英双语期刊的编辑更注重要求作者提供授权同意相关证明材料;中、英文期刊以及中英双语期刊的编辑对涉及人体试验伦理问题的处理方式都比较规范。但是,对于研究是否获得患者知情同意、动物实验研究是否经过伦理委员会审查、回顾性研究是否需要伦理审查、涉及人的研究是否在临床试验注册中心注册等问题,编辑还需要进一步重视。在论文出版后,编辑发现的医学伦理问题主要是“涉及人的研究未说明是否经过伦理委员会审查”。对论文出版后发现的没有保护患者隐私和没有在临床试验注册中心注册的问题,大部分期刊缺乏相关处理方案。【结论】 编辑应加强对论文知情同意、动物实验伦理、回顾性研究伦理的审查,并审查涉及人的研究是否在临床试验注册中心注册,以推动我国医学期刊的高质量发展。     

学术期刊网络舆情危机与对策

【目的】 厘清学术期刊网络舆情危机的特点与产生原因,给出具体应对策略。【方法】 以新媒体和危机传播原理为基础,分析学术期刊网络舆情危机的具体案例和传播指数,结合学术期刊特点进行阐释性分析。【结果】 学术期刊网络舆情危机事件传播力较强,其特点为更强的潜伏性、突发性和不可预测性,会威胁期刊及相关机构形象并引发信任危机,也会影响期刊日常办刊。编辑、作者、审稿人等的失范行为是学术期刊网络舆情危机产生的主要原因,学术期刊出版利益相关人众多以及新媒体的传播也对危机产生发挥了催化剂和提供环境的作用。【结论】 学术期刊要通过执行学术规范和建立危机传播管理制度、主动参与社交媒体并进行实时舆情监测、举办舆情应对与危机传播的人员培训来预防危机产生。当危机发生时,学术期刊要做好主管部门、主办单位、审稿人、作者之间的内部沟通,同时及时回应问题、正确应对媒体、放低姿态并锁定核心利益相关人诉求以做好外部沟通。     

全身振动训练联合正弦交变电磁场对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨代谢指标的影响研究

目的探讨全身振动训练联合正弦交变电磁场对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨代谢、骨生物力学性能的影响。方法将100只大鼠随机分为切除卵巢组和对照组,分别进行卵巢切除术和假手术,大鼠进行6周恢复,恢复后将造模成功的切除卵巢大鼠随机分为模型组(MO组)、全身振动训练组(W组)、正弦交变电磁场组(S组)、全身振动训练+正弦交变电磁场组(WS组),对照组列为假手术组(SO组),进行为期16周干预,干预结束后对大鼠进行骨密度、骨代谢、骨生物力学性质的检测。结果16周干预完成后,MO组、S组大鼠体质量显著高于SO组、W组、WS组大鼠(P0. 05); W组、WS组、SO组大鼠骨密度指标、血清雌二醇浓度指标明显高于大鼠MO组(P0. 05); SO组大鼠血清雌二醇浓度指标明显高于S组、W组、WS组(P0. 05); M组大鼠血清OC、ALP浓度明显高于SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠(P0. 05);尿液DPD/Cre、Ca/Cre、P/Cre浓度方面,M组大鼠明显高于SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠(P0. 05)。SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠股骨最大载荷和弹性模型明显高于MO组大鼠(P0. 05)。SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠股骨断裂载荷组间无明显差异(P0. 05); SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠股骨弹性模量明显高于MO组大鼠(P0. 05)。SO组大鼠股骨弹性模量明显高于S组大鼠(P0. 05),但与W组、WS组大鼠没有明显差异(P0. 05)。L4椎体压缩试验,SO组、W组、S组、WS组大鼠股骨最大载荷和弹性模型明显高于MO组大鼠(P0. 05)。SO组大鼠高于S组、W组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05),但与WS组大鼠没有明显差异(P0. 05)。结论全身振动训练、正弦交变电磁场、全身振动训练联合正弦交变电磁场3种干预方式施用于去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠均能提升骨密度、抑制骨吸收、平衡骨代谢、改善骨骼结构力学和材料力学性能。而全身振动训练联合正弦交变电磁场能的治疗效果优于单纯使用全身振动训练或正弦交变电磁场,在临床应用中有一定推广价值。     

Preparation of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 for selective pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rat plasma,urine, and feces samples

An innovative sandwich-structural Fe-based metal-organic framework magnetic material (Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂) was fabricated using a facile solvothermal method. The characteristic properties of the material were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂ is associated with advantages, such as robust magnetic properties, high specific surface area, and satisfactory storage stability, as well as good selective recognition ability for chlorogenic acid (CA) and its metabolites via chelation, hydrogen bonding, and π-interaction. The results of the static adsorption experiment indicated that Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂ possessed a high adsorption capacity toward CA and its isomers, cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) and neochlorogenic acid (NCA), and the adsorption behaviors were fitted using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Then, a strategy using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) was developed and successfully employed for the selective pre-concentration and rapid identification of CA metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples. This work presents a prospective strategy for the synthesis of magnetic adsorbents and the high-efficiency pretreatment of CA metabolites.     

玛咖挥发油及脂溶性化学成分对比研究

目的：为了对四川引种玛咖的质量评价提供科学依据,现对其挥发油及脂溶性成分进行分析对比。方法：本研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法和石油醚超声提取法分别提取玛咖中的挥发油和脂溶性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法对玛咖挥发油及脂溶性化学成分进行分离测定,结合质谱库检索系统对化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：经过结构鉴定,从玛咖挥发油中鉴定出22个挥发性化学成分,占98.85%的比例。脂溶性成分中鉴定出40个化学成分,占73.99%的比例。挥发油成分与脂溶性成分的差别较大,十二烷、喹啉、3-甲氧基苯甲醛、棕榈酸甲酯、亚油酸乙酯为两部分中共有的化合物。结论：首次对四川引种玛咖挥发油和脂溶性化学成分进行GC-MS对比分析,该研究为四川引种玛咖药物资源及其质量标准评价提供依据。     

The combination of bleomycin with suicide or interferon-β gene transfer is able to efficiently eliminate human melanoma tumor initiating cells

We explored the potential of a chemogene therapy combination to eradicate melanoma tumor initiating cells, key producers of recurrence and metastatic spread. Three new human melanoma cell lines, two obtained from lymph nodes and one from spleen metastasis were established and characterized. They were cultured as monolayers and spheroids and, in both spatial configurations they displayed sensitivity to single treatments with bleomycin (BLM) or human interferon-β (hIFNβ) gene or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir suicide gene (SG) lipofection. However, the combination of bleomycin with SG or hIFNβ gene transfer displayed greater antitumor efficacy. The three cell lines exhibited a proliferative behavior consistent with melan A and gp100 melanoma antigens expression, and BRAF V600E mutation. BLM and both genetic treatments increased the fraction of more differentiated and treatment-sensitive cells. Simultaneously, they significantly decreased the sub-population of tumor initiating cells. There was a significant correlation between the cytotoxicity of treatments with BLM and gene transfer and the fraction of cells exhibiting (i) high proliferation index, and (ii) high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, the fraction of cells surviving to our treatments closely paralleled their (i) colony and (ii) melanosphere forming capacity. A very significant finding was that the combination of BLM with SG or hIFNβ gene almost abrogated the clonogenic capacity of the surviving cells. Altogether, the results presented here suggest that the combined chemo-gene treatments are able to eradicate tumor initiating cells, encouraging further studies aimed to apply this strategy in the clinic.     

Accuracy of a piezoelectric pedometer in persons with and without Down syndrome

BackgroundPiezoelectric pedometers with a tri-axial accelerometer mechanism may effectively monitor physical activity in persons with Down syndrome (DS), but their accuracy has not been determined in this population.AimTo examine the accuracy of a pedometer with a tri-axial accelerometer mechanism in measuring steps at different walking speeds in persons with and without DS.MethodsEighteen persons with DS (8 women; age 25 ± 7 y) and 22 persons without DS (9 women; 26 ± 5 y) participated in this study. Participants completed six over-ground walking trials at the preferred speed and at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 m s⁻¹, each lasting 6 min. The steps taken were measured with hand-tally and with the Walk4Life MVPa piezoelectric pedometer. Pedometer accuracy was assessed with absolute percent error and Bland-Altman plots.ResultsAbsolute percent error did not differ between persons with and without DS across speeds. Error decreased with increased speed (p < 0.001), but leveled off at ≥1.0 m s⁻¹. Pedometers underestimated steps at 0.5 and 0.75 m s⁻¹, but were highly accurate at the preferred walking speed and at speeds ≥1.0 m s⁻¹.ConclusionsA piezoelectric pedometer with a tri-axial accelerometer mechanism measures steps with high accuracy at the preferred walking speed and at speeds ≥1.0 m s⁻¹ in persons with and without DS. Accuracy, however, is compromised at slower speeds. Across speeds, pedometer error is similar between persons with and without DS.     

Matrix measure based dissipativity analysis for inertial delayed uncertain neural networks

The present paper is devoted to investigating the global dissipativity for inertial neural networks with time-varying delays and parameter uncertainties. By virtue of a suitable substitution, the original system is transformed to the first order differential system. By means of matrix measure, generalized Halanay inequality, and matrix-norm inequality, several sufficient criteria for the global dissipativity of the addressed neural networks are proposed. Meanwhile, the specific estimations of positive invariant sets and globally attractive sets are obtained. Finally, two examples are provided to validate our theoretical results.     

A spiking neural network based on the basal ganglia functional anatomy

We introduce a spiking neural network of the basal ganglia capable of learning stimulus–action associations. We model learning in the three major basal ganglia pathways, direct, indirect and hyperdirect, by spike time dependent learning and considering the amount of dopamine available (reward). Moreover, we allow to learn a cortico-thalamic pathway that bypasses the basal ganglia. As a result the system develops new functionalities for the different basal ganglia pathways: The direct pathway selects actions by disinhibiting the thalamus, the hyperdirect one suppresses alternatives and the indirect pathway learns to inhibit common mistakes. Numerical experiments show that the system is capable of learning sets of either deterministic or stochastic rules.